| Sensitive electrochemical sensor for venlafaxine detection based on ZnO nanoflowers |
| کد مقاله : 1092-CNF |
| نویسندگان |
|
رضا زعیم باشی *، علی مصطفوی، طیبه شمس پور دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، دانشکده علوم، بخش شیمی |
| چکیده مقاله |
| During the last years, research has focused on the new challenges and problems that have emerged in Environmental Engineering and more specifically, wastewater (WW) treatment. The intense ways of living have been proven to increase the stress levels of people, leading to anxiety and chronic symptoms, as serious as sleep deprivation or depression. The administration of proper medication has led to the second problem wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have to face: emerging contaminants. Emerging pollutants are chemicals and compounds that have recently been identified as dangerous to the environment, and consequently to the health of human beings. Municipal, industrial, and domestic wastewater are, in fact, a primary pathway for their wide diffusion in the aquatic environment [1,2]. Venlafaxine is an anti-depressant, which belongs in the general family of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Practically, it treats depression, anxiety and panic disorders by increasing the concentrations these natural substances in the body and brain of the patient. Chemically, it belongs to the class of benzene and substituted derivatives and is a tertiary amino compound that is N,N –dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. Its excretion from the body follows the renal route, ends up in WWTPs, and therefore it is found in natural waters as venlafaxine, which could affect the natural biota. Therefore, the analysis of venlafaxine is very important [3,4]. In recent years, modified electrodes have attracted much more attention in electrochemistry because of their unusual physical and chemical properties. The advent of screen-printing technology has opened new exciting opportunity to apply electrochemical techniques for environmental analyses outside a centralized laboratory. Screen printed electrodes combine ease of use and portability with simple, inexpensive analytical methods. Consequently, SPEs can be successfully applied to in situ environmental analysis and achieve improvements in detection. Various types of nanomaterial are used to fabricate modified electrodes which can enhance the electron transfer rate and reduce the overpotential of the oxidation of substrates. Nanomaterial, especially nanoflower-modified electrodes usually exhibit high electrocatalytic activities towards the compounds which have sluggish redox process at bare electrodes [5-8]. In this approach, one of the new electrochemical sensors has been devised and fabricated for the high sensitive determination of venlafaxine on the basis of ZnO nanoflowers (ZnO-NF) as modified materials. Therefore, hydrothermal methods have been used to synthesize the ZnO-NF. The formation of ZnO-NF has been confirmed via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), XRD, and FESEM. Owing to the ZnO-NF with the greater surface areas to oxidation of venlafaxine, venlafaxine has been sensitively determined with the linear ranges between 0.04-475.0 µM and LOD equal to 0.01 µM (S/N=3). This new technique has been substantially utilized to determine venlafaxine in the real samples. |
| کلیدواژه ها |
| Electrochemical Sensors. Venlafaxine. ZnO nanoflowers. Screen printed electrode |
| وضعیت: چکیده برای ارائه به صورت پوستر پذیرفته شده است |